Association of Tramadol With All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Osteoarthritis

Association of Tramadol With All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Osteoarthritis

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2727448

Question  Is tramadol prescription associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality than other pain relief medications among patients with osteoarthritis?

Findings  In this cohort study that included 88 902 patients with osteoarthritis, initial prescription of tramadol was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality over 1 year compared with initial prescription of naproxen (hazard ratio [HR], 1.71), diclofenac (HR, 1.88), celecoxib (HR, 1.70), and etoricoxib (HR, 2.04), but not compared with codeine (HR, 0.94).

Meaning  Tramadol prescription may be associated with increased all-cause mortality compared with commonly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but further research is needed to determine if this relationship is causal.

Abstract

Importance  An American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons guideline recommends tramadol for patients with knee osteoarthritis, and an American College of Rheumatology guideline conditionally recommends tramadol as first-line therapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis, along with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Objective  To examine the association of tramadol prescription with all-cause mortality among patients with osteoarthritis.

Design, Setting, and Participants  Sequential, propensity score–matched cohort study at a general practice in the United Kingdom. Individuals aged at least 50 years with a diagnosis of osteoarthritis in the Health Improvement Network database from January 2000 to December 2015, with follow-up to December 2016.

Exposures  Initial prescription of tramadol (n = 44 451), naproxen (n = 12 397), diclofenac (n = 6512), celecoxib (n = 5674), etoricoxib (n = 2946), or codeine (n = 16 922).

Main Outcomes and Measures  All-cause mortality within 1 year after initial tramadol prescription, compared with 5 other pain relief medications.

Results  After propensity score matching, 88 902 patients were included (mean [SD] age, 70.1 [9.5] years; 61.2% were women). During the 1-year follow-up, 278 deaths (23.5/1000 person-years) occurred in the tramadol cohort and 164 (13.8/1000 person-years) occurred in the naproxen cohort (rate difference, 9.7 deaths/1000 person-years [95% CI, 6.3-13.2]; hazard ratio [HR], 1.71 [95% CI, 1.41-2.07]), and mortality was higher for tramadol compared with diclofenac (36.2/1000 vs 19.2/1000 person-years; HR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.51-2.35]). Tramadol was also associated with a higher all-cause mortality rate compared with celecoxib (31.2/1000 vs 18.4/1000 person-years; HR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.33-2.17]) and etoricoxib (25.7/1000 vs 12.8/1000 person-years; HR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.37-3.03]). No statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality was observed between tramadol and codeine (32.2/1000 vs 34.6/1000 person-years; HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.83-1.05]).

Conclusions and Relevance  Among patients aged 50 years and older with osteoarthritis, initial prescription of tramadol was associated with a significantly higher rate of mortality over 1 year of follow-up compared with commonly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but not compared with codeine. However, these findings may be susceptible to confounding by indication, and further research is needed to determine if this association is causal.

Addiction now defined as brain disorder, not behavior issue

Addiction now defined as brain disorder, not behavior issue

Decades of research convinced American Society of Addiction Medicine to change definition

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/44147493/ns/health-addictions/t/addiction-now-defined-brain-disorder-not-behavior-issue/

Addiction is a chronic brain disorder and not simply a behavior problem involving alcohol, drugs, gambling or sex, experts contend in a new definition of addiction, one that is not solely related to problematic substance abuse.

The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) just released this new definition of addiction after a four-year process involving more than 80 experts. It is best to click here for the best addiction advice. 

“At its core, addiction isn’t just a social problem or a moral problem or a criminal problem. It’s a brain problem whose behaviors manifest in all these other areas,” said Dr. Michael Miller, past president of ASAM who oversaw the development of the new definition. “Many behaviors driven by addiction are real problems and sometimes criminal acts. But the disease is about brains, not drugs. It’s about underlying neurology, not outward actions.”

The new definition also describes addiction as a primary disease, meaning that it’s not the result of other causes, such as emotional or psychiatric problems. And like cardiovascular disease and diabetes, addiction is recognized as a chronic disease; so it must be treated, managed and monitored over a person’s lifetime, the researchers say.

Two decades of advancements in neuroscience convinced ASAM officials that addiction should be redefined by what’s going on in the brain. For instance, research has shown that addiction affects the brain’s reward circuitry, such that memories of previous experiences with food, sex, alcohol and other drugs trigger cravings and more addictive behaviors. Brain circuitry that governs impulse control and judgment is also altered in the brains of addicts, resulting in the nonsensical pursuit of “rewards,” such as alcohol and other drugs.

A long-standing debate has roiled over whether addicts have a choice over their behaviors, said Dr. Raju Hajela, former president of the Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine and chair of the ASAM committee on addiction’s new definition.

“The disease creates distortions in thinking, feelings and perceptions, which drive people to behave in ways that are not understandable to others around them,” Hajela said in a statement. “Simply put, addiction is not a choice. Addictive behaviors are a manifestation of the disease, not a cause.”

Even so, Hajela pointed out, choice does play a role in getting help.

“Because there is no pill which alone can cure addiction, choosing recovery over unhealthy behaviors is necessary,” Hajela said.

This “choosing recovery” is akin to people with heart disease who may not choose the underlying genetic causes of their heart problems but do need to choose to eat healthier or begin exercising, in addition to medical or surgical interventions, the researchers said.

“So, we have to stop moralizing, blaming, controlling or smirking at the person with the disease of addiction, and start creating opportunities for individuals and families to get help and providing assistance in choosing proper treatment,” Miller said.

5 Secrets Your Doctor Will Never Tell You

5 Secrets Your Doctor Will Never Tell You

The inside scoop only a physician could tell you.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/heal-the-mind-heal-the-body/201903/5-secrets-your-doctor-will-never-tell-you

Medical privacy is very important in medicine and as doctors keep your problems confidential, they often also keep their problems a secret to the outside world.

Here are 5 secrets doctors don’t want to reveal and how knowing about them can protect you:  

Secret # 1:

Doctors often order medical tests, but they sometimes forget to look at the test results or they overlook suspicious details.

An example is Mark who went to see his doctor for a productive cough for the last 3 weeks. His doctor ordered a chest X-Ray to rule out pneumonia.  The radiologist commented that Mark’s lungs were clear, that there was no pneumonia, but he noticed at the bottom of the X-Ray, a suspicious area in Mark’s liver. He recommended an abdominal CT scan. Mark’s doctor only paid attention to the fact that there was no pneumonia and told Mark not to worry.  He gave Mark a treatment of antibiotics which resolved Mark’s cough.  One year later, Mark came in his doctor’s office for abdominal pain.  An abdominal ultrasound revealed a large liver mass which turned out to be a metastasis from colon cancer.  The cancer was too advanced, and Mark couldn’t be saved.  This was unfortunate because Mark’s doctor could have kept Mark alive by reading the lung X-Ray report thoroughly and by ordering an abdominal CT scan one year prior while the liver metastasis was still small and the cancer still treatable.

Similar cases are not infrequent: In 2009, L.P. Casilino (Cornell Medical College in NY) and colleagues found (Archives of Internal Medicine) that after reviewing the medical records of 5434 patients aged 50 to 69, physicians failed to inform patients 7.1% of the time. 

How can you prevent this from happening to you?

Always request a copy of all your reports especially your blood test results and your radiology reports (plain X-Rays, CT scans, MRIs, etc.).  Read the results yourself thoroughly and don’t be shy about asking your doctor questions if something seems abnormal.  If you have any doubt, run the results by another doctor to make sure that all that is abnormal is attended to.

Secret # 2:

Even the best doctor can make a mistake in treatment, prescribing the wrong medication or the wrong dose of the right medication.  This is especially true in hospitals.  

Giampaolo P. Velo of Verona University Hospital in Italy writes in the 2009 British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology that medication errors are common in general practice and in hospitals.  Velo mentions in the article that the range of errors attributable to junior doctors can vary from 2 to 514 per 1000 prescriptions and from 4.2% to 82 % of patients.

Henriksen and colleagues describe that in Denmark in the first 6 months of 2014, there were 147 mistakes in the prescription of anticoagulants (most often the dose was too high).  Out of those 147 mistakes, 7 ended in the death of the patient (who most often bled to death) and 83 gave rise to serious problems.  Henriksen points out that most medications errors happen when there is a hospital admission, a hospital discharge, or surgery. 

How can you prevent a medication mistake from happening to you?

Check with your pharmacist that the medication prescribed by your doctor is for your condition and that the dose prescribed is appropriate, especially if you are just discharged from a hospital.  If you have any doubt, don’t hesitate to give your physician a call or to get a second medical opinion.  

Secret # 3:

Even the best doctor can make a mistake in diagnosis:

Here is an example: Mary went to see her physician for acute diarrhea that had started the week prior.  Her physician diagnosed an infectious gastro-enteritis and gave her Imodium and Cipro.  Despite this treatment, Mary’s diarrhea continued for several weeks, completely debilitating her.  Desperate, Mary searched on the internet for the possible causes of diarrhea. She found that Magnesium could give diarrhea…. And she was taking high doses of Magnesium.  Actually, looking back on what happened, Mary realized that her diarrhea had started just a few days after her first Magnesium intake (which she was taking to decrease her anxiety).  She decided to stop taking Magnesium and within a few days, her diarrhea resolved. Her physician had forgotten to ask her if she was taking any supplements and had made the wrong diagnosis of infectious gastro-enteritis when in fact she was just having a side-effect from the Magnesium she was ingesting.  

Mistakes in diagnosis are common.  Doctors are pressed for time and when they see 30 to 40 patients a day are prone to make mistakes.

How do you prevent a mistake in diagnosis?

When your symptom continues for longer than you think it should, do your own research on the Internet, go back to see your physician and/or seek a second medical opinion. When your body tells you there is something wrong with it, trust what your body says.

Secret # 4:

Some doctors will not know about the latest research or about the best treatment for your condition:

Here is my own example:  The last few months, I have had incredible pain in my right ear when travelling by plane and landing.  I went to see my ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) physician who diagnosed a Eustachian tube problem and prescribed a steroid nasal spray for every day use.  As the problem didn’t improve and I had to take an average of 4 flights per month (over 44 flights per year) I went to see another ENT who prescribed a high dose of an oral steroid to take before each flight.  This meant that I had to take a high dose of steroid at least 44 days a year with potential serious side effects, such as stomach inflammation, osteoporosis and cataract.  Unsatisfied with that answer, I went to see 3 more ENT in the USA and in Paris, France. Two of them (one in the USA and one in France) confirmed that the best way to resolve my problem was to take a high dose of steroid before each flight, the third physician (in France) recommended that, during landing, I use a little mechanical device invented by another ENT physician.  I ordered that device, which is a pressure equalizer used at the first sign of ear pain when landing.   As soon as I used the new device, my ear pain disappeared.  I had no need for oral steroid with heavy side-effects.  

How can you find the best treatment for your condition?

It is always advisable to get a second or even a third opinion (and in my case, fourth and fifth opinion) if you are not happy with the first one.  It’s impossible for any doctor to know all the latest treatments.  If the treatment you are taking for your condition doesn’t satisfy you completely, look for alternative answers.  Every week new treatments are discovered and approved by the FDA.  Some doctors will know about them, while other won’t.  My advice is to continue exploring options until you are completely satisfied.

Secret # 5: 

A lot of doctors are very stressed out and are sometimes burnt out, depressed and suicidal, which can lead to low professionalism.

Lisa Rotenstein, MD, MBA and colleagues (JAMA September 2018) extracted burnout prevalence data from 182 studies involving 109 628 physicians in 45 countries between 2001 and 2018.  Rotenstein found that 72% of physicians had emotional exhaustion and 67 % had overall burnout.

Maria Panagioti, PhD and Colleagues, published in JAMA Internal Medicine in 2018 a meta-analysis of 47 studies on 42 473 physicians aged 27 to 53 and found that “burn-out is associated with 2-fold increased odds of unsafe care, unprofessional behaviors and low patient satisfaction.”  This link was seen more in residents and in less than 5 years post residency physicians.

Burnout and emotional exhaustion can lead to depression which can lead to suicide especially since physicians have easy access to medications.

Louise B Andrew, MD, JD writes in 2018 that physicians have one of the highest risks of dying from suicide despite having a lower mortality risk from cancer and heart disease relative to the general population.  L. Andrew estimates 300 to 400 suicides by physicians per year, suicide being, after accidents, the most common cause of death among medical students.

How can you stop a burnt-out physician from giving you unsafe care?

Be aware that you only have 10 to 15 minutes with your physician (sometimes only 5 minutes) so be on time for your office visit. Then, tell your physician in one sentence what you are coming in for (this should include when your new symptom started, how fast the symptom got worse and what other symptoms are associated with your malady).  Also come prepared with the names and doses of all the medications you are taking.  If you have questions for the physician, write them down in advance of the appointment.  Preparing thoroughly for each appointment will allow your doctor to be more efficient and consequently to relax, de-stress and take excellent care of you

NACDS lauds bill to mitigate opioid abuse

NACDS lauds bill to mitigate opioid abuse

www.chaindrugreview.com/nacds-lauds-bill-to-mitigate-opioid-abuse/

Legislation limits initial scripts to seven days.

ARLINGTON, Va.— The National Association of Chain Drug Stores Friday welcomed Senate legislation that would limit to a seven-day supply the initial prescriptions of opioids for acute pain —  a move that is consistent with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) guidelines.

Steve Anderson

Sens. Kirsten Gillibrand (D., N.Y.) and Cory Gardner (R., Colo.) announced the introduction of the legislation, the John S. McCain Opioid Addiction and Prevention Act (S. 724), in a press release quoting NACDS president and CEO Steve Anderson.

“The seven-day limit for initial acute-pain opioid prescriptions is consistent with pharmacists’ recommendations from the front lines of care, their collaboration with law enforcement, and the needs of chronic pain sufferers,” said Anderson. “Six in 10 Americans support this measure, with only two-in-10 indicating opposition, according to a January 2019 Morning Consult poll commissioned by NACDS. This bill will help prevent addiction and help prevent unused medications from falling into the wrong hands. Our support reflects pharmacies’ longstanding commitment to serve as part of the solution.”

NACDS has noted that the opinion research reflects consistent support for this strategic approach across political ideologies, and that support is particularly strong among seniors. Furthermore, seven-in-10 voters support “advancing policies that leverage pharmacies’ role as working partners for stronger and safer communities _  such as working to address the opioid-abuse epidemic.” CDC notes that, for acute pain, “three days or less will often be sufficient; more than seven days will rarely be needed.”

The bill is consistent with one of NACDS’ priority public policy recommendations to help further address the opioid abuse epidemic. NACDS’ recommendations relate to initial prescription limits for acute pain; prescription drug monitoring plans (PDMP); drug disposal; and mandatory electronic prescribing.

The legislation would build on the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Act (H.R. 6), enacted in 2018, which is consistent with all of NACDS’ recommendations and which was particularly helpful in requiring electronic prescribing for Schedule II through V controlled substances prescriptions covered under Medicare Part D to help prevent fraud, abuse and waste _ with limited exceptions to ensure patient access. The legislation also is consistent with the White House’s 2019 National Drug Control Strategy, which NACDS welcomed in February.

In addition to advancing its public policy recommendations, NACDS and pharmacies maintain longstanding and ongoing initiatives to prevent opioid abuse, including compliance programs; advancing e-prescribing; drug disposal; patient education; security initiatives; fostering naloxone access; stopping illegal online drug-sellers and rogue clinics; and more. NACDS’ Chain Pharmacy Community Engagement Report indicates that opioid abuse prevention stands as one of the top priorities for NACDS members among their community engagement initiatives.

We have all seen/read the “off the rails” proposed bill by Senators Gillibrand and Gardner and here we have the NACDS ( National Association of Chain Drug Stores… STRONGLY endorsing this lame opiate bill that many people will believe will do much harm … especially to those who will be the new chronic pain pts of tomorrow.

NACDS represents the 40, 000 odd chain pharmacies… that is about 60%-70% of all community (retail) pharmacies. Just another reason that pts should start supporting the local independent pharmacies  http://www.ncpanet.org/home/find-your-local-pharmacy  here is a link to find a local independent pharmacy by zip code

We have a serious and dramatically growing pharmacist surplus… it is reported that the 140 odd pharmacy schools are graduating 15,000/yr new pharmacists and the market place is claimed to only have a need for 10,000.  We have 5000 new graduate pharmacists looking for jobs that don’t exist. So these chain pharmacists are typically  being told that unless you do what you are told – by the chain employer – we have a “pile” of pharmacists’ applications that would gladly take their job.

Most of these new graduates have six figure student loans that and after to start repaying these loans at 6-9 months after graduation.

For those of who you say that you are being treated “wonderfully” by the chain store that you patronize, in reality you are only one corporate policy and procedure change or one Rx dept staffing change for everything that has been going wonderfully to GO SOUTH…literally OVERNIGHT.

A drug of abuse that costs society THREE TIMES the cost of the war on drugs and not a crisis ?

Why Alcohol Misuse May Be the Forgotten Addiction

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/addiction-recovery-101/201812/why-alcohol-misuse-may-be-the-forgotten-addiction

In recent years, Americans have begun, justifiably, to recognize the complex public health problem of opioid misuse and associated overdose deaths as a national crisis. Unfortunately, as is often the case when a tidal wave of worry about a particular health issue engulfs the nation, other similar concerns are often swept out of public consciousness. 

Take alcohol misuse, for instance. Although alcohol arguably presents a greater threat to public health than opioid misuse, it has in many ways been overlooked in the recent national conversation about substance use disorders. 

Alcohol misuse occurs when a person drinks in a manner, situation, amount, or frequency that could cause harm to that individual or those around them. The data and statistics on alcohol misuse paint a clear picture of the continual threat alcohol poses, both in the United States and internationally.

In the U.S. alone, one in 10 deaths among working-age adults are due to alcohol misuse, and more than 88,000 people die from alcohol-related causes each year — making it the third leading preventable cause of death.

Alcohol misuse costs the U.S. nearly $250 billion per year in health care and criminal justice expenditures, lost workplace productivity, and other costs. Meanwhile, in 2016 an estimated 14.6 million American adults had alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol use disorder encompasses a range of symptoms with varying severity, from mild disordered use to addiction. Despite its prevalence and impact, only a fraction of individuals with this disorder seek or receive professional help, and fewer still receive behavioral therapies or medications that have been demonstrated effective through rigorous scientific research. In part this is because patients and their families don’t know the range of treatment options available, and don’t know how to search for treatment providers who offer good-quality care. 

Some might be scared away from seeking help, because they believe that it means having to “go away to rehab” or “quit drinking altogether, forever.” In fact, there is a broad menu of evidence-based treatment options accessible online and in person to facilitate different drinking goal choices and aid in decisions about quality of life, whether it is to reduce alcohol or stop completely. Some individuals will need life-saving, medically supervised “rehab-style” detoxification, stabilization, and to abstain completely. Others may be able to moderate their drinking at home, with the help of family and friends.

bigjom/Adobe
Source: bigjom/Adobe

The point is, finding out more about the variety of available options may surprise many people, and help them begin to consider and make healthier changes regarding their alcohol use.

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the world’s largest funder of scientific research on the health effects of alcohol, as well as the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol misuse, recently released an Alcohol Treatment Navigator. Designed for family members seeking to find care for a loved one with alcohol use disorder, the Navigator spells out what they need to know, and what they need to do, to find good-quality treatment that meets their specific needs. 

The tool highlights five signs of quality to recognize — such as what credentials to look for in a qualified treatment provider and what specific types of counseling they should offer — signs that are consistent with scientific research and expert consensus on what constitutes quality care.

Other national nonprofit organizations, such as Facing Addiction, have also recently released tools to help individuals self-identify potential problems with alcohol use, and to help provide resources for individuals to find local care and treatment.

The more informed consumers are about their treatment options, the more likely they may be to reach out for help, and to have successful outcomes.

Learning to ask questions about treatment providers’ credentials, experience, therapeutic approaches, and costs is imperative regardless of the form of treatment being sought.

For family members, too, there is often a grave and enduring unpredictability that accompanies a loved one’s alcohol problem. There are now evidence-based options that can help partners and family members get the help they need for themselves, as well to help their loved one more effectively (e.g., the Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training or “CRAFT” model).

While the tragedy of so many opioid overdose deaths continues to grab the headlines, it is easy to forget the many more millions of people and their family members impacted by alcohol use disorder. For these individuals, this disorder — especially in its most severe form, addiction — cannot be forgotten.

Now, more than ever, however, there is an array of evidence-based treatment and recovery support options available — at the click of a mouse, at the end of a phone, or through an office door.

Resolving an alcohol problem, whatever its impact, is very possible; in fact, very probable. Research has shown that most people suffering from an alcohol problem can and do recover. Also, just like many other disorders and diseases, the earlier someone begins to seek help, the shorter the time to remission. The important thing is to get started; do something positive, sooner rather than later.    

Change opiate regulations Emergency C.O.R.E.

cover photo, No photo description available.

There are people who make things happen, those people who watch things happen, & there are those who wonder what happened.

In the face of pain, there are no heroes.
~ George Orwell, 1984

There are people who make things happen, those people who watch things happen, & there are those who wonder what happened

https://videoyourpain.com/

video advocacy campaign project that we are forming. The website is: www.videoyourpain.com and once we get at least 50 to 100 testimonial videos from chronic pain sufferers to send us their 2 minute video testimonials, we are going to launch our COREUSA website and promote it to congressional members and committees, plus governmental organizations and officials plus political parties and leaders, not to mention the general public at large at well. We just need help from our fellow chronic pain sufferers to help promote it. Would this be something that you would be willing to promote? I also know you have a large following of email subscribers to your email newsletter, that would be a great place to help promote it as well.
I would be willing, in turn, to advertise your website and newsletter on the COREUSA website the minute it goes live.
Is this something you would be interested in helping us do?

Why doesn’t PDMP’s really work ?

PDMP do not work mailing because healthcare professionals (prescribers and Pharmacists) have no way of verifying who they are really dealing with… because they have not been granted access to some sort of on line official database to be able to validate a driver’s License or SSN.

There is a federal database for verifying SSN referred to as E-verify  https://www.ssa.gov/employer/ssnv.htm

However… While the service is available to all employers and third-party submitters, it can only be used to verify current or former employees and only for wage reporting (Form W-2) purposes.

Then there is the various state’s BMV driver’s license database… BUT… no state will allow a healthcare professional access to this database to validate the person/driver’s license presented with a controlled substance prescription. I have been told that states BMV that have been ask to allow healthcare processionals access to this database.. have been denied as an invasion of privacy…

Keep in mind, that these healthcare professionals are in charge of all the private personal HIPAA health information, and all the healthcare professional has to do is be able to verify the driver’s license presented against the graphic of the driver’s license as it was presented to a person it was issued to.

All the healthcare professional really needs is the pic, DOB, name and weight/height from the database.  If the pic and name on the driver’s license presented does match the driver’s license number on the one presented… why would a healthcare professional would prescribe or fill controlled substance for this person ?

The serious substance abuser/diverter will most likely have numerous fake ID’s allowing them to visit multiple prescribers and pharmacies every 30 days and will never show up on any PDMP report as being a doc/pharmacy shopper.

Study Finds 90% of Medicare Patients Have Little Risk of Opioid Overdose

Study Finds 90% of Medicare Patients Have Little Risk of Opioid Overdose

www.painnewsnetwork.org/stories/2019/3/22/study-finds-90-of-patients-have-negligible-risk-of-opioid-overdose-nbsp

Current methods used to identify Medicare patients at high risk of overdosing on prescription opioids target many people who are not really at high risk, according to a team of researchers who found that over 90% of patients have little to no risk of overdosing.

“The ability to identify such risk groups has important implications for policymakers and insurers who currently target interventions based on less accurate measures,” said lead author Wei-Hsuan “Jenny” Lo-Ciganic, PhD, a professor of pharmaceutical outcomes and policy at the University of Florida, who reported her findings in JAMA Network Open.  

Lo-Ciganic and her colleagues at the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Utah studied health data on over half a million Medicare beneficiaries who filled one or more prescriptions for opioids between 2011 and 2015. The researchers identified which patients overdosed and then used machine-learning algorithms to analyzed their demographics and health records.

The computer models developed three risk groups that predict which patients are at risk of overdosing over a 12 month period.

  • Low risk patients (67.5%) have 0.006% risk of overdose
  • Medium risk patients (23.3%) have 0.05% risk of overdose
  • High risk patients (9.1%) have 1.77% risk of overdose  
bigstock-American-pharmacist-with-senio-31746026.jpg

Put another way, out of 100,000 Medicare patients in the low risk group, six would have an overdose; while there would be 1,770 overdoses in a high risk group of the same size.

Not surprisingly, the computer models found that high doses of opioids and a prior history of substance abuse significantly raise the risk of an overdose. So does a person’s age, disability status and whether they are co-prescribed benzodiazepines. Patients who live in certain states (Florida, Kentucky or New Jersey) are also at higher risk.

Top 10 Predictors of Opioid Overdose

  1. Total MME (morphine milligram equivalent)
  2. History of substance or alcohol abuse
  3. Average daily MME
  4. Age
  5. Disability status
  6. Number of opioid refills
  7. Resident state
  8. Type of opioid
  9. Number of benzodiazepine refills
  10. Drug use disorders  

The study found that the machine-learning algorithms the researchers developed performed well in predicting overdose risk and in identifying patients with a low risk. Machine learning is an alternative analytic approach to handling complex interactions in large data.  It can discover hidden patterns and generate predictions in clinical settings. Based on their findings, the researchers concluded that their approach outperformed other methods for identifying risk used by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.

“Machine-learning models that use administrative data appear to be a valuable and feasible tool for identifying more accurately and efficiently individuals at high risk of opioid overdose,” says Walid Gellad, MD, a professor of medicine at the University of Pittsburgh and senior author on the study. “Although they are not perfect, these models allow interventions to be targeted to the small number of individuals who are at much greater risk.”

This message is for the Mothers & Fathers of our nation’s youth

This message is for the Mothers & Fathers of our nation’s youth. It contains graphic images of what could happen to your child returning home from our Armed Forces. It demonstrates the sad truth for your son or daughter, for you and for your loved ones that to die on the battlefield is better than returning home to this #Betrayal. My prayers go out to each member of our military forces and the horrors facing them on returning home.

WORDS that are used to imply a problem when stats are not available to prove a conclusion ?

Risky Painkillers Commonly Prescribed for Osteoarthritis

Nearly one-third of patients in one large health system get opioids, benzodiazepines

https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/aaos/78645

LAS VEGAS — Published guidelines warn that treating osteoarthritis (OA) with opioids and benzodiazepines can boost patients’ risk of falling. Nevertheless, physicians in a large health system were prescribing those drugs for the condition nearly a third of the time, often in the vulnerable elderly, according to a study reported here.

More alarmingly, 3% of the patients received concurrent prescriptions for opioids or benzodiazepines. This is “a significant and potentially deadly combination,” said the study’s lead author, Vignesh K. Alamanda, MD, an orthopedic surgery resident with Atrium Health, in a presentation at the 2019 annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

He and his colleagues tracked 20,556 outpatient visits in the first half of 2016 in the Atrium Health system, which serves North and South Carolina. All of the patients had a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis. In nearly 32% of the visits, patients were prescribed opioids and/or benzodiazepines, with hydrocodone-acetaminophen prescribed almost half the time.

More than 37% of patients who received a prescription were considered to be at risk for prescription misuse, judging by factors such as early refill (33%), positive toxicology screen (4%), and previous overdose (1%). Patients older than age 65 made up 43% of those who got the drugs.

“Deadly consequences have resulted from the increased utilization of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines,” Alamanda told MedPage Today in an interview after the presentation. “This is particularly important in the elderly population, who are especially at high risk for falls, constipation, and adverse medication reactions. Additionally, studies have shown worse outcomes in patients who are managed with opioids for their osteoarthritis who eventually undergo a total joint arthroplasty including experiencing increased length of stay, increased risk of revision, and poor postoperative pain control.”

A 2019 position statement by the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons states that “the use of opioids for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee should be avoided and reserved only for exceptional circumstances.” A 2014 Cochrane Library review, meanwhile, found that opioids “have a small effect on pain or physical function” in OA.

“OA is a chronic disease, and the use of opioids is not recommended as it does not treat the problem. Over time patients can develop tolerance and increased risk or dependence and abuse,” said Vani J. Sabesan, MD, an orthopedic surgeon and shoulder/elbow sports medicine specialist at Cleveland Clinic Florida.

In contrast to opioids, there’s been little research interest in benzodiazepines in OA, although studies have suggested that they boost the risk of falls in the elderly, Sabesan explained. “There is some evidence that patients have a higher risk of opioid usage if they take benzos, and there is higher risk of abuse when taking both. Otherwise, not much else is out there.”

Sabesan cautioned that the new study is based on 3-year-old data. Awareness about the opioid risk has grown since then, she said, and new guidelines have appeared. “Strategies to improve compliance with evidence-based guidelines as well as alternative pain management pathways are critical to help curb the use of opioids for management of osteoarthritis,” she said. “Primary care physicians and orthopedic surgeons need to be more aware, educate patients on the risks of opioids, and communicate with patients about better alternate methods of pain management.”

I find this almost humorous how they use certain words and phrases to make the statement sound REALLY BAD when using vague statements

take this statement: Published guidelines warn that treating osteoarthritis (OA) with opioids and benzodiazepines can boost patients’ risk of falling. the word CAN is a very VAGUE term unless it is followed by some numeric increase or percentage increase, other than that it is just a GUESS or an OPINION.

More than 37% of patients who received a prescription were considered to be at risk for prescription misuse, judging by factors such as early refill (33%), positive toxicology screen (4%), and previous overdose (1%). Patients older than age 65 made up 43% of those who got the drugs.

Early refills suggests that the pt may not have been prescribed a adequate dose of the opiate to help them obtain a acceptable level of pain.  Directions could have read every 4 hrs AS NEEDED and the prescriber presumed 4 doses/day and the pt took them around the clock because every 4 hrs suggest 6 doses in a 24 hr day – so a EARLY REFILL would have occurred.  Because neither the prescriber nor the pharmacist made it clear to the pt the expectation of the pt only taking 4 doses in 24 hr.   What does the term “positive toxicology screen” really mean… they were positive for the Hydrocodone and Benzo that they were taking ?

Over time patients CAN develop tolerance and increased risk or dependence and abuse

there is that vague word again CAN… expressing an opinion or belief and not really supported by FACTS

although studies have suggested that they boost the risk of falls in the elderly

There is another VAGUE word when describing the possibility of adverse pt outcomes

“There is some evidence that patients have a higher risk of opioid usage if they take benzos, and there is higher risk of abuse when taking both

Again no per-cent was stated… would 1% define SOME… would 0.5% defined SOME ? and there is a HIGHER RISK OF ABUSE… RISK and the reality of abuse is not the same

This article seems to try to give the impression that there is a problem with pts taking both HCD/APAP and a Benzo when in fact there was no real stats that they had or wished to publish because the numbers were so low that it would disprove their whole hypothesis