Idaho: Politicians elected by the PEOPLE… doesn’t want to represent the PEOPLE ?

Senate Panel Kills Bill Allowing Use of Marijuana Derivative

https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/idaho/articles/2018-03-05/senate-panel-kills-bill-allowing-use-of-marijuana-derivative

BOISE, Idaho (AP) — A proposal to legalize oil extracted from cannabis plants is likely dead for the year after a group of lawmakers on Monday broke out in turmoil during a last-minute attempt to advance the bill.

Republican Sen. Tony Potts asked the Senate Health and Welfare Committee to give HB 577 a hearing after supporters of the bill said they were being blocked by legislative leaders.

“I think we have to remember that we represent people, people who vote for us, people who are our friends,” Potts said, who was appointed to the Idaho Falls’ legislative seat in October. “If you’re constituents are anything like mine, there is a large amount of individuals who desire the health benefits of this (CBD oil).”

Cannabidiol, otherwise known as CBD oil, comes from cannabis but contain little or no THC. Supporters tout CBDs as a supplement that can help alleviate pain, reduce stress and improve skin health, although there’s little data on whether they work or what kind of side effects they might have.

 Under HB 577, Idahoans seeking to use the oil for medical purposes for themselves or their minor children would have to apply to the Idaho Board of Pharmacy for a cannabidiol registration card.

While Potts defended his motion — which focused on his recent child’s seizures and why his family would want to use the product — he was quickly gaveled down by Chairman Lee Heider.

“If anyone on this committee wants to talk about this, they can do so in my office,” Heider said.

The majority of the panel then headed toward Heider’s office to discuss Potts’ motion.

Heider denied a request by The Associated Press, who followed lawmakers into the office, to sit in on the meeting.

 Yells could be heard from multiple members inside Heider’s office.

“The governor’s office doesn’t want this bill, the prosecutors don’t want this bill, the office on drug policy doesn’t want this bill,”

Heider said, who could be heard shouting to his members by the AP on the other side of the door.

Idaho lawmakers passed legislation in 2015 that would have allowed children with severe forms of epilepsy to use CBD oil. That bill was vetoed by Republican Gov. C.L. “Butch” Otter, who received pressure from law enforcement groups that feared it would lead to further loosening of the state’s drug laws. Otter has since said his position has not changed in the past three years.

Heider also warned Potts that his motion was unusual and should not have been made. Other lawmakers could be heard defending the legislative process, while others argued to allow Potts’ motion to be debated.

The committee only broke up after being warned by a reporter that their actions were breaking the state’s Open Meeting Law.

According to Senate rules, “all meetings of any standing, select, or special committee shall be open to the public at all times.”

Once broken up, members returned to the public committee room and a separate motion was made to hold HB 577 in committee — a legislative procedure essentially halting the bill from moving forward.

“The concern with the motion that I have, it doesn’t get it where we need to be,” Potts said, before voting against the action.

Potts’ concerns were overruled by other members on the committee via a voice vote and HB 577 will likely not advance this legislative session.

The measure had already cleared the House with a veto-proof majority.

Currently, 18 states allow use of “low THC, high cannabidiol (CBD)” products for medical reasons in limited situations or as a legal defense.

Opioid Addiction Medications Should Not Be Withheld From Patients Taking Benzodiazepines or CNS Depressants Opioid addiction medications

Opioid Addiction Medications Should Not Be Withheld From Patients Taking Benzodiazepines or CNS Depressants Opioid addiction medications – buprenorphine and methadone – should not be withheld from patients taking benzodiazepines or other drugs that depress the central nervous system (CNS), advises FDA. The combined use of these drugs increases the risk of serious side effects; however, the harm caused by untreated opioid addiction usually outweighs these risks. Careful medication management by health care providers can reduce these risks, notes a safety alert. FDA is requiring this information to be added to the buprenorphine and methadone drug labels along with detailed recommendations for minimizing the use of medication-assisted treatmentdrugs and benzodiazepines together. Health care providers should take several actions and precautions and should develop a treatment plan when buprenorphine or methadone is used in combination with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants. Additional information may be found in an FDA Drug Safety
Communication announcement at   www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm575307.htm.

More FDA edicts that are intended to “protect the addicts” ?

Sen. Manchin: re-election campaign didn’t get enough pharma money ?

Joe Manchin aims to restore DEA power in opioid bill

http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/joe-manchin-aims-to-restore-dea-power-in-opioid-bill/article/2650695

Sen. Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., introduced legislation to restore enforcement power to the Drug Enforcement Administration to target suspicious drug distributors.

The powers were stripped in a 2016 bill after heavy influence from the pharmaceutical industry, according to a report in the Washington Post. The scandal surrounding the bill, which passed Congress nearly unanimously and was signed into law by former President Barack Obama, caused Rep. Tom Marino, R-Pa., who led the legislation, to withdraw his nomination to serve as President Trump’s drug czar.

 Manchin’s bill, introduced Monday, would restore the DEA’s authority to go after suspicious drug distributors that divert powerful painkillers to corrupt doctors who distribute them. The authority was softened in the 2016 bill.

“This bill will make sure that the DEA regains the legal authority that was wrongly stripped from the agency in 2016 to ensure that they can go after companies taking advantage of the system, including those companies that send millions of opioid pills to tiny towns in West Virginia,” Manchin said.

Both the House and the Senate are pursuing legislation to target opioid abuse. The House Energy and Commerce Committee is considering eight bills that address the tide of the powerful synthetic opioid fentanyl and would expand treatment options.

But committee Chairman Rep. Greg Walden, R-Ore., recently told reporters that a bill to restore powers to the DEA isn’t in the works. He said the committee is awaiting guidance from the agency on the best way to proceed.

OHIO: Opiate Rxs down 28% in FIVE YEARS… OD up 33% in two years

See the source image

Ohio Doctors continue to prescribe fewer pain pills

http://www.dispatch.com/news/20180305/ohio-doctors-contine-to-prescribe-fewer-pain-pills

While overall drug overdose deaths continue to climb, Ohio doctors for the fifth straight year prescribed fewer opioid painkillers to patients.

 

In 2017, 568 million pain pills were dispensed, down 28 percent from a high of 793 million in 2012, according to an annual report released Monday by the Ohio Board of Pharmacy.

The report also showed an 88 percent drop since 2011 in the number of patients going from doctor to doctor in search of drugs.

State officials credited increased use of the Ohio Automated Rx Reporting System, OARRS, which tracks prescriptions. Nearly 89 million patient queries were made in 2017, up from 1.8 million in 2011.

“Ohio has one of the most comprehensive and aggressive approaches in the country to tackling the opioid epidemic,” said Ohio Board of Pharmacy Executive Director Steven W. Schierholt.

“Through improvements to OARRS, new prescribing rules and guidelines, shuttering pill mills and aggressive regulatory action against unscrupulous prescribers, the state is making considerable progress in reducing the supply of prescription opioids and other controlled substances that can be abused or diverted.”

 Still, Ohio had a record 4,050 overdose deaths in 2017, up 33 percent from 2015.

Much of the spike was attributed to fentanyl, a highly potent and deadly synthetic opioid being mixed into street drugs like heroin, cocaine, marijuana and other illegal substances. Meanwhile, deaths from prescription opioids last year were at their lowest levels since 2009.

Do you think that Gov Kasich and the rest of the bureaucrats in OHIO will ever figure it out that addiction(s) is a mental health issue and prohibition and abstinence will never do much to resolve the opiate addiction problem ? They all “scream and shout” about opiates don’t work for long term treatment of chronic pain .. because there is no long term clinical studies, but all of these bureaucrats seem to believe that reducing access to opiates – especially legal opiates will cause “demand” for opiates to drop and go away…  but the BODY COUNT would suggest that they are DEAD WRONG…but this is just anecdotal evidence that suggest that this will not work… but.. there does not appear that there are any clinical studies on the horizon to validate.

 

Opioid-addicted baby at center of class action lawsuit in Southern Illinois

 

http://www.bnd.com/news/local/article202972584.html

March 05, 2018 07:33 AM

Updated 5 hours 23 minutes ago

Sessions greenlights police to seize cash, property from people suspected of crimes BUT NO CHARGED !

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-greenlights-police-to-increase-seizures-of-cash-and-property-from-suspected-criminals/2017/07/19/3522a9ba-6c99-11e7-96ab-5f38140b38cc_story.html?

The Justice Department announced a new federal policy Wednesday to help state and local police take cash and property from people suspected of a crime, even without a criminal charge, reversing an Obama administration rule prompted by past abuse by police.

Deputy Attorney General Rod J. Rosenstein said the Justice Department will include more safeguards to prevent the kind of problems that have been documented in the past. Police departments will be required to provide details to the Justice Department about probable cause for seizures, and federal officials will have to more quickly inform property owners about their rights and the status of the seizures.

“The goal here is to empower our police and prosecutors with this important tool that can be used to combat crime, particularly drug abuse,

” Rosenstein said at a news briefing. “This is going to enable us to work with local police and our prosecutors to make sure that when assets are lawfully seized that they’re not returned to criminals when there’s a valid basis for them to be forfeited.”

Two years ago, then-Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. barred state and local police from using federal law to seize cash and other property without criminal charges or warrants. Since 2008, thousands of police agencies had made more than 55,000 seizures of cash and property worth $3 billion under a Justice Department civil asset forfeiture program, which allowed local and state police to make seizures and then share the proceeds with federal agencies.

 

A Washington Post investigation in 2014 found that state and local police had seized almost $2.5 billion from motorists and others without search warrants or indictments since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. The Post series revealed that police routinely stopped drivers for minor traffic infractions, pressed them to agree to searches without warrants and seized large amounts of cash when there was no evidence of wrongdoing.

Police then spent the proceeds from the seizure with little oversight, according to the Post investigation. In some cases, the police bought luxury cars, high-powered weapons and armored cars.

“You’re never going to eliminate allegations of abuses,” Rosenstein said, “never going to eliminate mistakes 100 percent. But I think this new policy is going to position us very well to make sure there are very few credible allegations of abuse, and where there are we’re going to make it a priority to follow up.”

The new policy from Attorney General Jeff Sessions authorizes federal “adoption” of assets seized by state and local police when the conduct that led to the seizures violates federal law. Rosenstein said that the department is adding safeguards to ensure that police have sufficient evidence of criminal activity when property is seized. Property owners will receive notice of their rights within 45 days, which is twice as quickly as required by current law. Law enforcement agencies will be required to provide officers with more training on asset forfeiture laws, he said.

State and local law enforcement officials supported the change, but Democratic and Republican lawmakers were skeptical.

Rep. Darrell Issa (R-Calif.) called Sessions’s policy “troubling” and said it would “expand a loophole that’s become a central point of contention nationwide.”

 “Criminals shouldn’t be able to keep the proceeds of their crime, but innocent Americans shouldn’t lose their right to due process, or their private property rights, in order to make that happen,” Issa said in a statement.

Holder tweeted that Sessions’s policy was “another extremist action” and said the Obama administration policy was “a reform that was supported by conservatives and progressives, Republicans and Democrats.”

Kanya Bennett, legislative counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union, called the action “outrageous.”

“We are talking about people who have not been convicted of a crime and are often not given a day in court to reclaim their possessions,” Bennett said. “Civil asset forfeiture is tantamount to policing for profit, generating millions of dollars annually that the agencies get to keep.”

At a meeting with county sheriffs on Feb. 7, President Trump made clear to law enforcement officials that he is a strong supporter of the civil asset forfeiture program and told the Justice Department to rescind the Obama administration restrictions.

On Wednesday, Sessions defended the reversal at a meeting with representatives from the Fraternal Order of Police, the National Sheriffs’ Association, the Major Cities Chiefs Association and other law enforcement officials who back the new policy.

“Civil asset forfeiture is a key tool that helps law enforcement defund organized crime, take back ill-gotten gains and prevent new crimes from being committed, and it weakens the criminals and the cartels,” Sessions said.

But the ACLU’s Bennett said, “The problem is that we are not talking about criminals.”

“We are talking about Americans who have had their homes, cars, money and other property taken through civil forfeiture, which requires only mere suspicion that the property is connected to a crime,” she said.

I thought that Session was functioning with a  70’s & 80’s mindset – early war on drugs period… Our judicial system declared opiate addiction was a CRIME not a DISEASE… in 1917… So apparently Session’s mindset is back 100 yrs ago in what was referred to as our country’s “Prohibitionist Period”.. That is before alcohol was prohibited and while women still did not have the RIGHT TO VOTE…

Kennedy-Gingrich Anti-Opioid Group Funded By Maker Of Opioid Addiction Medication

Kennedy-Gingrich Anti-Opioid Group Funded By Maker Of Opioid Addiction Medication

https://khn.org/morning-breakout/kennedy-gingrich-anti-opioid-group-funded-by-maker-of-opioid-addiction-medication/

Braeburn Pharmaceuticals, which won approval last year to market an implant that continuously dispenses the opioid addiction medicine buprenorphine, entered into an agreement to make a $900,000 charitable donation to Advocates for Opioid Recovery. Media outlets report on the crisis out of California, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Missouri, New Hampshire and Massachusetts as well.

Stat: Mystery Solved: Addiction Medicine Maker Is Secret Funder Of Kennedy-Gingrich Group A company that sells a new opioid-addiction medication is a secret funder of an advocacy group fronted by Newt Gingrich and Patrick Kennedy that is pushing for more government funding and insurance coverage of such treatments. Gingrich, the former Republican House speaker and a Trump confidant, and Kennedy, a former congressman and son of former US Senator Edward Kennedy, are paid advisors to Advocates for Opioid Recovery. They have generated a flurry of media attention in those roles, including joint interviews with outlets ranging from Fox News to the New Yorker. (Armstrong, 3/3)

A Former Federal Peer Reviewer’s Analysis of the Draft CDC Guidelines

www.nationalpainreport.com/a-former-federal-peer-reviewers-analysis-of-the-draft-cdc-guidelines-8828910.html

In my former life prior to chronic pain and illness I had many important and fascinating jobs.  One was as a peer reviewer for the United States National Institutes for Health (NIH), Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), and Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services (SAMHSA); and New York State’s Education Department, Office of Mental Health, and Office of Alcohol and Substance Abuse Services.  I reviewed multi-million dollar grants, provided consumer input to agencies, and served on publication committees and focus groups.  When the opportunity arose to comment on the draft “CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain”, I looked forward to reawakening my peer reviewer skills to objectively identify the strengths and weaknesses of the document.

Unfortunately, I found it near impossible and beyond frustrating to review this document in an objective manner.  The guideline is not organized like a typical guideline or tool kit.  It is nothing more than a literature review of the harms and risks of opioids.  It is not objective, therefore, I found it impossible to be objective.  It was biased which made me completely biased (in the other direction).  Reading this document left me scared—really scared.  It left me wondering what happened to the United States and to the rights of patients?  How could this be?  No consumer groups or chronic pain patients were included in their peer review or “experts” process.  A huge no no.  Here is the comment I posted on the CDC site (I omitted my introduction):

As a consumer and citizen, I request you halt further activity regarding these guidelines until a consumer board can be developed—one that is solely made up of chronic pain patients who have experienced primary care access issues to opioid medication.  I also request you conduct focus groups of chronic pain patients who are on opioids.  Only then will you have guidelines that serve the public, the primary care doctors, and the chronic pain patients.

It is imperative a section in the guideline be created detailing how adequate pain control is a fundamental right of every patient.  Point to the Joint Statement from 21 Health Organizations and the Drug Enforcement Administration, “Promoting pain relief and preventing abuse of pain medications: A critical balancing act” which states “Effective pain management is an integral and important aspect of quality medical care, and pain should be treated aggressively… Preventing drug abuse is an important societal goal, but it should not hinder patients’ ability to receive the care they need and deserve” (http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/advisories/painrelief.pdf).  In addition, in this section provide a thorough review of the risks of untreated chronic pain, i.e. suicides, depression, unemployment, lower quality of life, etc.

Throughout this document it is mentioned there are no adequate long term studies that prove opioid medication is effective, leading the reader to believe opioid medication never helps patients long term, which is not true.  If you conducted a focus group of chronic pain patients you would understand the complexities of opioid pain management and long term effect.  It became clear to me this document was written in a biased manner when I read the “Effectiveness of Alternative Treatments” section.  It boasted these treatments effective under 6 months.  Nowhere in this document did I see a similar positive citation for opioid treatment for short term use though hundreds exist.  The writers excluded the fact these alternative treatments, like opioids, had no proven long term benefits.  Furthermore, the alternative pharmacological agents, i.e. gabapentin, SSRIs, NSAIDs, etc. are touted as excellent treatments with little to no risks.  The writers should have included information on the hundreds of possible side effects, some very serious, each of these drugs carry.  The risk of death, overdose and suicide is very real for some of these medications and literature citations stating as such was discluded.

The statistics in the Background section do not delineate criminal activity from actual chronic pain patients in a pain management type setting.  It also does not define whether in overdoses there were additional drugs or alcohol contributing to the overdose (polydrug overdose) and whether these overdoses were legitimate pain patients or illegally obtained prescriptions.  These guidelines should not include such statistics.  This is not a paper about criminal activity and misuse.  Only statistics for actual pain patients should be included.

Information must be included describing the fact primary care doctors may be the only opioid prescriber in their area as most pain management doctors no longer manage chronic pain with opioids and specialists refuse to prescribe.  Primary care doctors have by default become pain management doctors.  As such, pain patients should not be punished for this trend.  I did like that you included a few sentences encouraging physicians to be compassionate.  Please expand on this.  Most of us are treated like a nuisance and criminal.  Include information on the difference between physical dependence, tolerance, and addiction/misuse of opioid medications.

Information about actual pain conditions is slim, which is disconcerting.  The fact you include cataracts as a painful condition and not severely painful conditions like chronic pancreatitis, complex regional pain syndrome, shingles, back and spine issues, trigeminal neuralgia, endometriosis, adhesion pain, kidney stones, and more shows the lack of familiarity of the team of writers with true chronic pain populations.

Teach patients basic opioid safety—keeping the opioids locked away and out of teenagers’ hands.  Many patients are naïve to think their teens would never consider experimenting with their meds or visitors won’t snoop through a medicine cabinet.  Providing real-world information will prevent unnecessary overdoses NOT limiting chronic pain patients their pain medication.  Also, the naloxone section should be removed or limited to a sentence.  True chronic pain patients rarely experience overdose and should be dealt with by emergency personnel.

—End of comment—

The CDC is clearly not the appropriate agency to spearhead opioid prescribing guidelines.  They are good at authoring literature reviews on ebola and trying to find cures for diseases.  They are NOT equipped to publish guidelines of this manner.  This is not an epidemic and they are incapable of being objective.  A document like this must be objective and unbiased.

Brooke Keefer is a mom to three sons ages 28, 19, and 4 and has a 2 year old granddaughter. Brooke has a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from the State University of New York at Albany. For over 15 years she worked as a not-for-profit director, lobbyist, advocate, and a grants writer, manager, and reviewer in the field of children’s mental health. Brooke suffers from several painful conditions—sphincter of oddi dysfunction (a defect in the pancreatic/biliary valves), chronic pancreatitis, and fluoroquinolone toxicity syndrome (long term adverse reaction of the nervous system to Levaquin). Though these have disabled her, she writes health articles, advocates for patient rights, and runs the Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Awareness and Education Network website, www.sodae.org.

Eric Chase had cocaine, marijuana, alprazolam (commonly known as Xanax), and the opioid drugs, fentanyl and cyclopropyl fentanyl, in his system.

http://people.com/tv/eric-bolling-son-death-ruled-accidental-overdose-included-opioids/

Six weeks after former Fox News host Eric Bolling‘s only child, 19-year-old Eric Chase Bolling, was found dead on Sept. 8, his cause of death has been revealed.

“Just received some tragic news from Coroner in Colorado. Eric Chase’s passing has been ruled an accidental overdose that included opioids 1,” the mourning father, 54, revealed on Twitter Thursday.

The Boulder County Coroner’s report, obtained by PEOPLE on Thursday, lists the cause of death as “mixed drug intoxication” and ruled it as an accident. The post-mortem toxicology report, which was completed on Sept. 11, revealed Eric Chase had

cocaine, marijuana, alprazolam (commonly known as Xanax), and the opioid drugs, fentanyl and cyclopropyl fentanyl, in his system. “History of drug abuse and white powdery substance discovered at the scene,” stated the report.

Fentanyl, the same drug that also killed music icon Prince, is classified as a Schedule II drug by the federal government and its medical uses are typically pain management following surgery or for chronic pain. Cyclopropyl fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is chemically similar to fentanyl but is not intended for human or animal use.

Fentanyl is 50 times stronger than heroin, up to 100 times stronger than morphine.

“Adrienne and I thank you for your continued prayers and support. We must fight against this national epidemic, too many innocent victims,” Bolling wrote in a follow-up tweet along with a photo of his son, who was studying economics at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

On the day of his son’s death, Bolling tweeted: “Authorities have informed us there is no sign of self harm at this point. Autopsy will be next week. Please respect our grieving period.

Facebook

The sad news came hours after news broke that Bolling, who anchored Fox News’ Cashin’ In. and also co-hosted Fox News Specialists and The Five, had been removed from his job at Fox News following allegations that he harassed colleagues.

Also on Thursday, President Donald Trump declared the opioid epidemic a national public health emergency. Trump called for “really tough, really big, really great advertising” to “teach young people not to take drugs,” according to the New York Times.

Since 2000, the number of deaths from opioids — which includes painkillers and heroin — in the U.S. has risen more than 137 percent, according to TIME.

Bolling’s friends and former Fox News co-workers expressed their condolences on social media Thursday.

“So sorry brother for your awful loss. warm regards to your family from me and mine,” tweeted Geraldo Rivera.

Earlier this week, former Fox News host Bill O’Reilly apologized to Bolling in a tweet after he implied in a recent interview that Bolling’s son’s death was a suicide: “Apologies to Eric Bolling and prayers for him and his family. The message I tried to send was that allegations harm kids. Nothing more.”

 

I fell sorry for this family,  their child officially died of mixed drug intoxicationof six difference substances…  and  History of drug abuse and white powdery substance discovered at the scene.

How can you claim that this was an accident… when this kid intentionally ingested six difference substances most/all are illegal substances. No one – with absolute certainty – could state that this was a accident… college kids do commit suicide…

New insurer policies kick in as doctors, patients adjust to Nevada’s new opioid law

https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/new-insurer-policies-kick-in-as-doctors-patients-adjust-to-nevadas-new-opioid-law

Nevada’s new law to combat the rising number of opioid deaths has drawn a public outcry from doctors and patients who say it is styming access to necessary medications, but recent changes to insurer and pharmacy management policies have largely flown under the radar in the conversation.

Several insurance companies, responding to both public pressure to combat the opioid epidemic as well as guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, instituted changes nationwide at the beginning of the year, limiting the initial prescription of opioids for acute pain to seven days and requiring prior authorization for long-acting opioids. The biggest pharmacy benefit managers, responsible for negotiating drug prices between manufacturers, insurance companies and pharmacies, also have recently put limits on initial fills of opioid prescriptions.

The policy changes take effect amid a larger conversation in Nevada about how to balance laws and regulations aimed at preventing opioid overdoses with ensuring that patients who actually need pain medication receive it in a safe and responsible way. Proponents of the new opioid law attribute the initial pushback against it to doctors being uninformed about how to follow it, a problem that can be solved through education, while others say the law is inherently flawed and in need of fixing.

The insurance company and pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) policies are yet another method of combating opioid deaths. But they also are creating another layer of paperwork and rules for doctors to follow as they navigate compliance with the new Nevada law and can complicate things for patients.

“There are unintended consequences with these artificial restrictions,” said Dr. Jim Marx, a pain specialist in Las Vegas.

For instance, Aetna started limiting the quantity of opioids prescribed for acute pain and post-surgery to a seven-day supply starting Jan. 1. Any prescription greater than seven days requires prior authorization, to ensure providers are not overprescribing in an acute pain setting, an Aetna spokeswoman said.

“Physicians and members can always appeal denials for prescriptions, including for opioids,” said Aetna spokeswoman Anjie Coplin in an email.

Aetna also requires prior authorization for all long-acting opioids in order to ensure the medicines are being appropriately used, Coplin said. The prior authorization process takes into account whether the patient is undergoing treatment for cancer or receiving end-of-life care. Long-acting opioids can be covered for up to six months at a time for chronic pain, but lifetime coverage can be granted for end-of-life or cancer diagnoses.

Health Plan of Nevada and Sierra Health and Life, two United Healthcare subsidiaries providing insurance in Nevada, started requiring prior authorization for patients on their commercial plans taking long-acting opioids or those cumulatively taking more than 180 morphine equivalent doses starting on Jan. 1. Medicaid patients on Health Plan of Nevada have been subject to prior authorization for long-acting opioids since July.

Starting Thursday, commercial customers on the two plans and Medicaid patients on Health Plan of Nevada are now only able to receive initial prescriptions of opioids for up to seven days and no more than 49 morphine equivalent doses on their first prescription if they are new to opioid therapy. (There are no restrictions on a second prescription as long as it doesn’t meet the other criteria for prior authorization.)

Other insurance companies started rolling out limits over the last couple of years. Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield started limiting initial prescriptions of short-acting opioids to seven days for some drugs in October 2016, and all short-acting opioids were subject to the limit in July. Anyone covered by Anthem can only receive a maximum of a 14 day supply for short-acting opioids in a 30-day period without prior authorization. The company also implemented a prior authorization process for long-acting opioids in September 2016 for initiation of therapy.

Pharmacy benefit managers have also adopted their own policies as far as the drugs they’ll cover. CVS Caremark, one of the three largest pharmacy benefit managers, started limiting initial prescriptions of opioids for acute pain for patients who are new to therapy starting Feb. 1. The new policy also limits daily dosages and requires that immediate-release formulations or drugs be given before extended-release versions are prescribed. Doctors can ask for exemptions for certain patients and employers and insurers are allowed to opt out of the new policy.

Express Scripts, another of the big three, started limiting patients new to opioid therapy to a seven-day supply on a short-acting opioid on Sept 1. OptumRx now limits members naive to opioid therapy to 49 morphine-milligram equivalent per day, with up to two seven-day fills in a 60-day timeframe starting July 2017.

The policy changes come as a reaction to guidelines issued by the CDC in 2016 as far as appropriate prescribing of opioids for both acute and chronic pain. They also come amid increased focus on the role that insurance companies and pharmacy benefit managers have played in the opioid crisis.

The limits on opioids seem like a good idea at face value, Marx said, but don’t always work out the way you think they’re going to in practice.

Marx gave the example of a chronic pain patient who takes 200 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) a day. Because patients who take higher amounts of opioids at one time are more likely to become addicted, doctors like to use as low a dose as possible as many times a day that a patient requires it. However, he said he’s run into situations where pharmacy benefit managers will approve two 100 MME doses but not four 50 MME ones.

“They want the patient to take one big pill, presenting a situation where the patients are presented with larger doses of medication, less times a day, and more likely to develop a liking for that medication,” Marx said.

Prescribers also have to be cognizant of the fact that although Nevada’s new opioid law allows them to write initial prescriptions for up to 14 days, a patient’s insurance may only pay for seven days.

Larry Pinson, executive secretary of the Board of Pharmacy, said that he hasn’t heard of issues between insurance companies, PBMs and pharmacists in response to the new policies because whether or not the prescription can be filled is usually decided right on the spot in the pharmacy. But he said it makes sense for insurers to set their own policies on opioids.

“I think in the long run, if you look at it empirically, it makes sense for insurance companies to look at those sorts of things,” Pinson said. “What good is it going to do to pay for narcotics for forever if someone gets addicted?”