How fentanyl gets to the U.S. from China

How fentanyl gets to the U.S. from China

https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/j5vpdx/how-fentanyl-gets-to-the-us-from-china

The powerful synthetic opioid fentanyl is now the deadliest drug in America, causing an estimated 19,000 fatal overdoses in 2016.

The DEA says most of the illicit fentanyl comes from China, either shipped directly to U.S. consumers through the mail or mixed with heroin that is smuggled across the southern border by Mexican drug cartels.

At New York City’s JFK airport, the point of entry for about 60 percent of the country’s international mail packages, seizures of fentanyl by Customs and Border Protection agents increased from 7 in 2016 to 84 in 2017. All of the packages came from China. Nationwide, fentanyl seizures by CBP increased from 459 pounds in 2016 to 1,296 pounds last year.

In New York City, the DEA seized a record 193 kilos of fentanyl in 2017 — enough to kill the city’s population 11 times over. James Hunt, special agent in charge of the DEA’s New York field division, said it’s virtually impossible to stop the flow of fentanyl.

“The southwest border of the United States is porous,” Hunt said. “There’s thousands of miles of border. Thousands of trucks stop every day at the border. There’s millions and millions of parcels coming into the country every day, you can’t search them all. And traffickers know that.”

Jeff Sessions Leaves the Cole Memo Intact, For Now

https://www.leafly.com/news/politics/jeff-sessions-leaves-the-cole-memo-intact-for-now

Late Thursday, US Attorney General Jeff Sessions formally rescinded 25 guidance documents created by his predecessors at the Justice Department. The guidance memos, meant to set policy and establish enforcement priorities, dealt with a variety of issues. Most critically for the cannabis industry, the Cole memo was not among the 25 memo scuttled by Sessions.

 

By leaving the Cole memo intact, Sessions allowed state-legal adult cannabis to stand. For the time being.

That means the Justice Department’s Aug. 2013 guidance document, which spelled out the DOJ’s priorities and areas of concern regarding legal adult-use cannabis in Colorado and Washington (and all later adult-use states), remains intact at least for the foreseeable future.

The Cole memo, written by James Cole, a deputy attorney general under then-AG Eric Holder, spelled out the conditions under which the Justice Department would allow states to regulate and enforce their own cannabis laws. The memo did not federally legalize cannabis, or legally prevent the DEA or other Justice Department agencies from enforcing federal cannabis laws in legal states. It is merely a policy document meant to guide departmental decisions about state-legal cannabis.

RELATED STORY
The Cole Memo: What Is It and What Does It Mean?

Sessions, a vocal opponent of state legalization laws, has often expressed a desire to reverse two decades of progress won by legalization advocates. Rescinding the Cole memo would have been the most direct attack on those gains. In his move on Thursday, Sessions did not eliminate the Cole guidance, but neither did he confirm that it would continue to guide his department’s decisions.

In March, President Trump issued Executive Order 13777, which called for agencies to establish Regulatory Reform Task Forces to identify existing regulations for potential repeal, replacement, or modification. The Department of Justice Task Force, chaired by Associate Attorney General Rachel Brand, began its work in May.

On November 17, Sessions issued a memorandum prohibiting DOJ components from using guidance documents to circumvent the rulemaking process and directed Associate Attorney General Brand to work with components to identify guidance documents that should be repealed, replaced, or modified.

RELATED STORY
Sessions Calls Cole Memo ‘Valid,’ Says Fed Resources Are Limited

The DOJ’s media release stated that the Department “is continuing its review of existing guidance documents to repeal, replace, or modify.” So the Cole memo could still be under review. 

The list of 25 guidance documents that DOJ withdrew on Thursday are listed below. For more detail, see the Justice Department’s web site

  1. ATF Procedure 75-4.
  2. Industry Circular 75-10. 
  3. ATF Ruling 85-3. 
  4. Industry Circular 85-3. 
  5. ATF Ruling 2001-1. 
  6. ATF Ruling 2004-1.
  7. Southwest Border Prosecution Initiative Guidelines (2013).  
  8. Northern Border Prosecution Initiative Guidelines (2013).  
  9. Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants Program Guidance Manual (2007). 
  10. Advisory for Recipients of Financial Assistance from the U.S. Department of Justice on Levying Fines and Fees on Juveniles (January 2017). 
  11. Dear Colleague Letter on Enforcement of Fines and Fees (March 2016). 
  12. ADA Myths and Facts (1995).
  13. Common ADA Problems at Newly Constructed Lodging Facilities (November 1999).
  14. Title II Highlights (last updated 2008).
  15. Title III Highlights (last updated 2008).
  16. Commonly Asked Questions About Service Animals in Places of Business (July 1996).
  17. ADA Business Brief: Service Animals (April 2002). 
  18. Prior Joint Statement of the Department of Justice and the Department of Housing and Urban Development Group Homes, Local Land Use, and the Fair Housing Act (August 18, 1999). 
  19. Letter to Alain Baudry, Esq., with standards for conducting internal audit in a non-discriminatory fashion (December 4, 2009). 
  20. Letter to Esmeralda Zendejas on how to determine whether lawful permanent residents are protected against citizenship status discrimination (May 30, 2012). 
  21. Common ADA Errors and Omissions in New Construction and Alterations (June 1997). 
  22. Common Questions: Readily Achievable Barrier Removal and Design Details: Van Accessible Parking Spaces (August 1996). 
  23. Website guidance on bailing-out procedures under section 4(b) and section 5 of the Voting Rights Act (2004).  
  24. Americans with Disabilities Act Questions and Answers (May 2002).
  25. Statement of the Department of Justice on Application of the Integration Mandate of Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act and Olmstead v. L.C. to State and Local Governments’ Employment Service Systems for Individuals with Disabilities (October 31, 2016).

Indiana Couple Wins First Xarelto Trial in Philadelphia

http://pittsburgh.legalexaminer.com/fda-prescription-drugs/indiana-couple-wins-first-xarelto-trial-in-philadelphia/

On December 5, 2017, an Indiana couple won their Xarelto lawsuit in Philadelphia. The jury ordered that the drug manufacturers, Bayer AG and Johnson & Johnson (J&J), pay $27.8 million for failing to warn about the blood-thinner’s serious side effects.

Of that award, $1.8 million was designated for compensatory damages and $26 million in punitive damages. This is the first loss for the manufacturers in the Xarelto litigation. The first three federal bellwether trials resulted in defense verdicts.

Indiana Couple Win First Xarelto Trial in Philadelphia Mass Tort

The couple in the Pennsylvania state court case filed their Xarelto lawsuit in 2015, claiming that the wife was first prescribed Xarelto in 2013 to prevent a stroke and took it for about a year. Then in June 2014, she developed gastrointestinal bleeding and had to be hospitalized. She blamed Xarelto for her injuries and claimed that the manufacturers didn’t do enough to warn of the drug’s potential dangers.

This was one of about 1,400 cases pending in the Pennsylvania state court mass tort litigation in Philadelphia, and the first to go to trial in that litigation. The trial was briefly delayed because of allegations that sales representatives from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of J&J, met with the plaintiffs’ doctor. The meeting allegedly resulted in a change in the doctor’s testimony.

During the trial, a former FDA commissioner testified that the Xarelto label did not have adequate warnings about its side effects. Bayer and J&J have stated that they plan to appeal the verdict.

Federal Trials Have Been Favoring Defendants

In August 2017, in the third case to go to trial in the Xarelto Multidistrict Litigation (MDL) pending in federal court a Jackson, Mississippi jury determined that the manufacturers of Xarelto were not liable. The plaintiff in that case claimed she suffered serious gastrointestinal bleeding just a month after she started taking Xarelto to prevent blood clots.

Like thousands of other plaintiffs in the Xarelto litigation, she claimed that the drug manufacturers failed to adequately warn about Xarelto’s bleeding risks.

If they had, she claims that she could have avoided her injuries. Her case was one of over 19,000 that are currently pending in the Xarelto MDL, which is pending in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.

Xarelto Lacks Antidote for Bleeding

 

Xarelto and other newer-generation anticoagulant drugs have no readily available antidote to stop excessive bleeding once it starts.

Whereas patients taking warfarin, the leading blood-thinner for years, can be treated with vitamin K injections, which encourage the blood to begin clotting again, patients taking Xarelto have no such recourse. Patients simply have to wait for Xarelto to flush out of their system. This makes any bleeding events significantly more dangerous and potentially deadly.

TX: doctors filed a class action suit against the narcotics bureau for practicing medicine without a license and the doctors won.

I found out today it’s is the MS Bureau of Narcotics that are pressuring the doctors in this state to cut back. In TX they did the same thing and the doctors filed a class action suit against the narcotics bureau for practicing medicine without a license and the doctors won. After Christmas I’m going to attempt to file a criminal charge against the director of MBN. The doctors here are to scared to do it. I’ve also spoken to the DEA. They are trying to shut down the pill mills but they are NOT interfering with doctors prescribing for real causes like my nerve damage. I’m medically retired Law Enforcement. I don’t mind stirring up a stink when they start messing with my quality of life. Check in your state. Most states have similar laws.The MBN does not have a medical doctor on staff.

More “assisted suicide” by our medical system

My father who was also a physician took his own life because of trigeminal neuralgia. Four days ago a long term friend and former and a former patient of mine shot himself in the head when he was forced by the medical board to taper off the opioids that were keeping him comfortable enough to work productively.

Refusal to fill: is “I’m not comfortable” being replaced with “I don’t have stock” ?

The “excuse” … “I’m not comfortable” infers that the Pharmacist has made a decision… based on certain FACTS that would make the prescription not medically appropriate for a particular pt.  Level one interaction with the pt’s other medications, allergy, dose too high or too low.. having checked a PMP report the pt appears to be a doc/pharmacy shopper…

The “excuse” ….”I don’t have inventory” .. is a fact that supposedly doesn’t have anything associated with a professional medical decision.  I suspect that most pharmacists believe that in saying that.. there is no way for the pt to prove that the pharmacy has – or has not – any inventory.

I was at a meeting of the FL board of Pharmacy in June of 2015 when they were discussing a new regulation about how Pharmacists in FL are suppose to NOT start looking for reason to refuse to fill a controlled prescription.  It went into effect the end of Dec 2015.  At that meeting a chronic pain doctor asked the attorney for the board if a pharmacist lying to a pt about having inventory was UNPROFESSIONAL CONDUCT…. and basically the response from the Board’s attorney was “.. there is nothing in the practice act that addresses that … so NO …”

After all the DEA cut opiate production quotas by up to 25% in 2017 and proposed another 20% cut in 2018.  The largest pharmacy wholesaler ( McKesson) had the DEA try to build a case against them for not properly controlling the distribution of opiates and prepared to hit them with a ONE BILLION DOLLAR FINE… but apparently McKesson hired the baddest ass attorney firm in the country and the DEA attorneys became unsure of their “slap dunk case” against McKesson and every settle with McKesson paying a few million in fines..  But there were two other major pharmacy wholesalers which the DEA  was probably going after next after they “took down Mc Kesson”… remember the DEA’s budget is TWO BILLION… so a BILLION more from McKesson would have allowed them to do what ?

So, I would expect that the pharmacy wholesalers are going to “tighten down” on what they will allow any particular pharmacy to purchase.

So what is a pt to do?… get use to the “pharmacy crawl” ?

Most pt don’t know that each pharmacy is required to keep a PERPETUAL INVENTORY on all C-II…  They should be able to go to their perpetual inventory book and know exactly what is on hand at any moment. Each prescription filled is entered into this record by date and maybe by the time the label of the prescription was printed… also they have to enter into this perpetual inventory any increase in inventory when they receive it from their supplier.

The pt should at the very least have someone go with them to witness that the reason that your prescription was not filled was because it was stated that they had no inventory… at least take a picture of the Rx dept staff that told you “NO INVENTORY” or if legal.. video the transaction.

The only option that the pt has at this point is to hire an attorney to ask the courts to subpoena the pharmacy’s inventory records for the particular day and the particular medication to validate that there was no inventory on hand… when you presented a prescription to be filled.

Proving that there was medication on hand… and chronic pain pt or any pt suffering from a subjective disease should be considered disabled and discriminating against a person covered by the Americans with Disability Act and/or Civil Rights Act… that discrimination is considered a CIVIL RIGHTS VIOLATION.

Once a pt has proven that they have been lied to and discriminated against… the Pharmacist and maybe their employer no longer has the UPPER HAND !

 

An Invitation from Art Levine, reporter for Newsweek and other major media outlets

An Invitation from Art Levine, reporter for Newsweek and other major media outlets:

Art Levine is a freelance journalist who has written for Newsweek on the deadly, damaging effects of the crackdown on legal opioid prescribing to chronic pain patients. See  http://www.newsweek.com/va-opiod-policy-wreaks-havoc-former-marine-683467 and https://www.alternet.org/drugs/pundits-focused-trump-craziness-ignoring-threat-mentally-ill-addicts

Art hopes to interview surviving family members or friends of chronic pain patients who have committed suicide, since 2016 and the CDC guidelines — and who had no history of major mental illnesses prior to developing their chronic pain.

Art can be reached via twitter @ArtL7, or facebook PM messaging and https://www.facebook.com/ArtLDC. He is interested in interviewing one or two more chronic pain patients concerning your personal knowledge, of cases where you or other patients who have no histories of addiction or drug abuse, are being denied opioids or have been discharged by their doctors. He also looking for a few examples of doctors who haven’t yet been arrested,  aren’t being subsidized  by drug companies or hadn’t had their licenses revoked but are still being harassed or otherwise threatened by enforcement /regulatory agencies because they’re prescribing opioids to chronic or acute pain or cancer patients. (He can’t use the Dr. Tennant case, for instance, because of Dr. Tennant’s ties to the controversial Insys company facing criminal indictment http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/06/politics/insys-cancer-drug-company-faked-cancer-patients-to-sell-drug/index.html, which doesn’t make him credible to his editors.)

He is  also looking for people with policy knowledge about specific regulatory, legal, DEA developments in such states as Indiana and Maine.

I (RICHARD LAWHERN/Steve Ariens) will be available to hear about your experiences with Mr. Levine during interviews. I have cautioned him that he will be dealing with people who have already been traumatized by pain or deep emotional loss. He has promised to interview thoughtfully and to represent your stories without distortion when he publishes.

Regards all,
Red Lawhern/ Steve Ariens

 

Art Levine 202-248-9320 / cell phone: 202-557-8443 Please reply directly to this Yahoo mail address but also please  CC: to my gmail account, artslevine@gmail.com, due to occasional Yahoo mail glitches.

 

 

Life expectancy in the U.S. is falling — and drug overdose deaths are soaring

Women attend a candlelight vigil during the FED UP! Coalition’s annual International Overdose Awareness Day event in Washington in August. A new CDC report ESTIMATES 63,600 people died of drug overdoses in 2016.

What good is the CDC, if all they can do is ESTIMATE STATS ?

www.statnews.com/2017/12/21/life-expectancy-drug-overdose

Life expectancy in the U.S. has fallen for the second year in a row, the first time it’s dropped for two consecutive years in more than half a century.

People born in the U.S. in 2016 could expect to live 78.6 years on average, down from 78.7 the year before, according to a new report released Thursday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The most common cause of death: heart disease.

The report also found death rates — calculated from the number of deaths per 100,000 people — actually rose among young adults between 2015 and 2016. And while the authors didn’t draw a direct link, another report also released Thursday by the CDC found an estimated 63,600 people died of drug overdoses in 2016. Two-thirds of those deaths were caused by opioids. Adults between the ages of 25 and 54 had the highest rate of drug overdose death.

Here’s a look at the findings:

Most common causes of death

Heart disease was the leading cause of death, followed by cancer, unintentional injuries, chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, influenza and pneumonia, kidney disease, and suicide.

One key point: Unintentional injuries climbed to the third leading cause of death in 2016, swapping spots with chronic lower respiratory diseases. It’s worth noting that most drug overdose deaths are classified as unintentional injuries.

AS IF… NO ONE would use drugs – including ALCOHOL to commit SUICIDE ?

The most common causes of death

Cause of death Percent
Heart disease 23.1
Cancer 21.8
Unintentional injuries 5.9
Chronic lower respiratory disease 5.6
Stroke 5.2
Alzheimer’s disease 4.2
Diabetes 2.9
Flu and pneumonia 1.9
Kidney disease 1.8
Suicide 1.6
 
They kind of left out the 250,000 – 400,000 deaths from medical errors
Megan Thielking / STAT. Source: Mortality in the United States, 2016. National Center for Health Statistics.

Black men are dying at alarmingly high rates

Life expectancy isn’t falling for women — just for men. Life expectancy for women at birth is 81.1 years, compared to 76.1 years for men.

The death rate for the general population actually declined slightly in 2016, but that drop wasn’t seen across all racial and ethnic groups. Death rates among black men climbed 1 percent in 2016, while death rates among white women actually fell 1 percent. There weren’t any big changes in death rates among black women, white men, or Hispanic men or women.

Age-adjusted death rates

Group Age-adjusted death rate
General population 728.8
Black men 1,081.2
Black women 734.1
White men 879.5
White women 637.2
Hispanic men 631.8
Hispanic women 436.4
 
Megan Thielking / STAT. Source: Mortality in the United States, 2016. National Center for Health Statistics.

Drug overdose deaths continue to climb

Drug death rates are increasing much faster than they have in recent years. Overdose death rates climbed roughly 10 percent per year between 1999 and 2006. Then there was a relative lull: Between 2006 and 2014, they increased roughly 3 percent each year.

But from 2014 to 2016, death rates tied to drug overdoses jumped 18 percent each year.

Overdose deaths have climbed among all age groups

Year 15 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older
1999 3.2 8.1 14 11.1 4.2 2.7
2000 3.7 7.9 14.3 11.6 4.2 2.4
2001 4.2 8.6 15.5 13 4.7 2.6
2002 5.1 10.5 18.1 16.2 6 3
2003 6 11.4 18.9 17.9 6.9 3
2004 6.6 11.9 19.3 19.3 7.8 3
2005 6.9 13.6 19.6 21.2 9 3.3
2006 8.1 16.1 21.7 24.1 10.5 3.6
2007 8.2 16.8 21.4 25.1 12.2 3.8
2008 8 16.8 21.1 25.2 12.9 4.1
2009 7.7 17.2 20.5 25.4 13.7 4.3
2010 8.2 18.4 20.8 25.1 15 4.3
2011 8.6 20.2 22.5 26.7 15.9 4.6
2012 8 20.1 22.1 26.9 16.6 4.9
2013 8.3 20.9 23 27.5 19.2 5.2
2014 8.6 23.1 25 28.2 20.3 5.6
2015 9.7 26.9 28.3 30 21.8 5.8
2016 12.4 34.6 35 34.5 25.6 6.2
 
Megan Thielking / STAT. Source: Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999–2016. National Center for Health Statistics.

Deaths due to synthetic opioids are rising

The rate of overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids other than methadone — a category that includes fentanyl, fentanyl analogs, and tramadol — doubled between 2015 and 2016. The rate of drug overdose deaths involving natural and semisynthetic opioids, such as oxycodone and hydrocodone, also rose, while overdoses involving methadone declined.

The opioids most commonly involved in overdose deaths
Type of opioid 2015 2016
Any opioid 33,091 42,249
Heroin 12,989 15,469
Natural and semisynthetic 12,727 14,487
Methadone 3,301 3,373
Other synthetic opioids 9,580 19,413
63,600 deaths from DRUG OVERDOSES… but only 42,249 from all opiates – 33% of total estimated deaths from NON-OPIATES  and a lot of LUMPING TOGETHER of the causes of deaths ?
Megan Thielking / STAT. Source: Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999–2016. National Center for Health Statistics.

 

 

Medical regulator assures opioid rule changes won’t throw patients ‘to the wolves’

http://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/politics/2017/12/15/medical-regulator-assures-opioid-rule-changes-dont-throw-patients-wolves/955257001/

Susan Norton of Brookhaven attended the Mississippi State Board of Medical Licensure meeting Friday, actively withdrawing from morphine.

Norton, who has been diagnosed with a chronic, painful bladder disease called Interstitial cystitis, was discharged from her pain management specialist in November, just as the state’s medical regulatory agency started mulling increased opioid prescription rules.

“I just feel like the state of Mississippi has thrown me to the wolves and literally to the street to figure this out on my own, and I don’t want to die. But there’s no where to land,” Norton said, just after

board members said their rule changes would not prohibit all opioid use for chronic pain.

“What I’m hearing today is not what’s happening out there with patients like me who have legitimate pain and need something … The doctors are scared.”

Board members assured Norton their

proposed opioid prescription rule changes do not prevent a doctor from prescribing opioids to treat the pain associated with her condition

but that they would require doctors to complete additional documentation. 

 

“If asking someone to jump through a few extra hoops prevents a physician from doing that … shame on them,” said board member Dr. Randy Easterling.

Norton had been on 60 milligrams of morphine and 12 milligrams of Dilaudid for 10 years but she’s been cut off the last five weeks, causing her to experience withdrawals. She said she can see her heart beating through her chest sometimes. 

“It’s where you just lay on the cold bathroom floor just to feel something other than pain,” Norton said.

Norton was near finishing nursing school 20 years ago when she was diagnosed with the bladder disease, which changed her life. Opioid users are sometimes labeled “drug seekers,” Norton noted, but she’s tried other pain management techniques with little success.

 “If it was Tylenol and that worked I would be so happy, but sometimes it’s going to be more than that,” she said to the board.

In an open work session Friday, the medical licensure board finalized and unanimously passed proposed opioid prescription rule changes, tweaked slightly since its last hearing and pending additional review.

The regulations limit opioid prescriptions to seven days for acute pain, prohibit opioids for chronic pain except where doctors can document it’s the only viable option and require doctors to check the Prescription Monitoring Program and deliver drug tests to patients before writing opioid prescriptions. 

The rules do not apply to terminal and cancer pain patients or opioid use in an inpatient setting. The changes are aimed at ramping up prescription monitoring and

discouraging doctors from prescribing opioids

amid an epidemic that kills nearly 100 Americans a day.

“It’s scary,” Norton said of not having access to her medication. “I just feel like I just got thrown out because it was too much for the doctors to want to have to deal with it.”

“Unfortunately, all the doctors won’t read this …

We’re not stopping opioids. We’re not doing anything like that. We’re just for the responsible use

” said board president Dr. Charles Miles, who cites medical literature about the ineffectiveness of opioids for the management of long-term pain. “You can take opioids to the point that the opioid itself causes the pain. It’s ‘opioid hyperalgesia’ and you don’t know that until you start backing off the opioids. then the pain gets better.”

Board members didn’t agree on everything in the nearly three-hour meeting Friday, during which they negotiated mostly specific, technical changes to the language of the new rules.

Board member Dr. Ken Lippincott, a psychiatrist, raised concerns over patient drug testing requirements in psychiatric offices when the patient is being prescribed benzodiazepines, like Valium or Xanax. Some smaller clinics might not have the facilities to do drug testing and, more concerning, it could damage trust between the physician and patient, Lippincott said.

Board member Dr. Claude Brunson, a University of Mississippi Medical Center physician, called for the board to vote whether to exempt psychiatrists from the new rule, saying it may do more harm than intended good.

“If that’s going to deter folks from getting mental help that they need, that’s a public issue,” Brunson said.

The motion failed.

The new rules will go to the Occupational Licensing Review Commission, which the Legislature created during the 2017 session to reign in regulatory boards, for final approval. First, the proposed changes must be filed with the secretary of state’s office to allow for public comment.

Apparently these board members do not listen to what they say or what is put in the proposed regulations.. They are not going to prohibit opiates being prescribed for chronic pain.. BUT.. the prescribers are going to be presented with a whole lot of time consuming administrative tasks in order to do so.. with apparently NO GUARANTEE that in doing so would indemnify the prescriber from being “drug thru the mud” for doing so ?

RULE CHANGES are always subject to interpretation and all too often the interpretation of the rule that is enforced may not meet the letter and intent of the rule.

Just look at what the DEA has done over the last 47 yrs with interpretations of the Controlled Substance Act 1970 and they have generated some NEW INTERPRETATIONS of that law in the last yr +.

Opioids now kill more people than breast cancer

http://www.cnn.com/2017/12/21/health/drug-overdoses-2016-final-numbers/index.html

More than 63,600 lives were lost to drug overdose in 2016, the most lethal year yet of the drug overdose epidemic, according to a new report from the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Most of those deaths involved opioids, a family of painkillers including illicit heroin and fentanyl as well as legally prescribed medications such as oxycodone and hydrocodone. In 2016 alone, 42,249 US drug fatalities — 66% of the total — involved opioids, the report says. That’s over a thousand more than the 41,070 Americans who die from breast cancer every year.
Much of the increase was driven by the rise in illicit synthetic opioids like fentanyl and tramadol. The rate of deadly overdoses from synthetic opioids other than methadone has skyrocketed an average of 88% each year since 2013; it more than doubled in 2016 to 19,413, from 9,580 in 2015.
Heroin also continues to be a problem, the report says. Since 2014, the rate of heroin overdose deaths has jumped an average of 19% each year.
The opioid crisis has raised significant awareness of prescription painkillers. Between 1999 and 2009, the rate of overdoses from such drugs rose 13% annually, but the increase has since slowed to 3% per year.
In 2009, prescription narcotics were involved in 26% of all fatal drug overdoses, while heroin was involved in 9% and synthetics were involved in just 8%. By comparison, in 2016, prescription drugs were involved in 23% of all deadly overdoses. But heroin is now implicated in about a quarter of all drug fatalities, and synthetic opioids play a role in nearly a third.
These increases have contributed to a shortening of the US life expectancy for a second year in a row.

A state-by-state look

The states with the highest rates of overdose in 2016 were West Virginia, Ohio and New Hampshire, the report said. The rate of overdose in West Virginia was over 2.5 times the national average of 19.8 overdose deaths for every 100,000 people.
While the outlook nationwide is fairly bleak, it’s particularly bad in some states. Twenty-two states and the District of Columbia had overdose rates significantly higher than the national average.
While overdose rates increased in all age groups, rises were most significant in those between the ages of 25 and 54.
Provisional data for 2017 from the CDC show no signs of the epidemic abating, with an estimate of more than 66,000 overdose deaths for the year. “Based on what we’re seeing, it doesn’t look like it’s getting any better,” said Bob Anderson, chief of the mortality statistics branch at the National Center for Health Statistics.
He said the data for this year were still incomplete because of the time it takes to conduct death and toxicology investigations. However, Anderson says, the 2017 estimates are alarming. “The fact that the data is incomplete and they represent an increase is concerning,” he said.
But addiction specialist Dr. Andrew Kolodny said that despite the devastating overdose numbers, there appeared to be some indicators of good news.
“Even though deaths are going up among people who are addicted heroin users, who use black-market opioids … it’s possible that we are preventing less people from becoming addicted through better prescribing,” said Kolodny, executive director of Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing.
Studies have shown that while rates of opioid prescribing remain high in the US, they have decreased from a peak of 81 prescriptions for every 100 people in 2010 to about 70 per 100. Kolodny also pointed to recent surveys indicating that opioids were being less-frequently abused by teens.

A public health emergency

In October, President Trump declared the opioid crisis a public health emergency. “As Americans, we cannot allow this to continue. It is time to liberate our communities from this scourge of drug addiction,” he said. “We can be the generation that ends the opioid epidemic.”
The week following, the President’s Commission on Combating Drug Addiction issued its final report with more than 50 recommendations to help solve the opioid crisis, including expanding medicated assisted treatment, increasing the number of drug courts, coordinating electronic health records and increasing prescriber education.
However, Kolodny and other public health experts were disappointed that the actions by the president and the commission were not accompanied by funds.
“You don’t call it an emergency and sit around do nothing about it — and that’s where we are,” Kolodny said. “The doing something should be a plan from the agencies … and it should be seeking money from Congress.”
Commission member and former Rep. Patrick Kennedy agreed. “It means nothing if it has no funding to push it forward. You can’t just have a speech like the President gave.”
But fellow commission member Bertha Madras said that funding requests can’t be immediately answered and pointed out that the White House is working with agencies now to determine costs and processes to implement the group’s recommendations. “The commitment has to be accompanied by wise decisions and wise planning and a very judicious use of funding,” she said.
The White House’s Council of Economic Advisers recently estimated that the cost of the opioid crisis in 2015 alone was $504 billion, nearly 3% of gross domestic product.
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Kennedy worries that the tax bill passed this week will only worsen the crisis. “It’s going to be the vote that sets this country back further than anything else in our ability to tackle this crisis. Period. There’s going to be no more significant vote on opioids.”
The bill, which is now headed to the President’s desk to be signed into law, eliminates provisions of the individual mandate or penalties for being uninsured that were required under Obamacare. Once it is enacted, the nonpartisan Congressional Budge Office estimates, 13 million individuals will be uninsured by 2027, and health insurance premiums will go up. According to the 2016 Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health, 30% of Americans do not seek any sort of addiction treatment because they do not have insurance and cannot afford treatment.
“We’ve got a human addiction tsunami. We need all hands on deck,” Kennedy said